The PN junction exists between emitter and base is called. This transistor comes with two PN junctions. There are two types: the npn type and the pnp type. It is composed of three terminals called emitter, base, and collector, denoted as E, B and C respectively. Bipolar junction transistors have three layers of semiconductor material. Brattain, and William Shockley (later jointly awarded a Nobel Prize) It was also independently. By narrowing our focus down - getting a solid understanding of the NPN - it'll be easier to understand the PNP (or MOSFETS, even) by comparing how it differs from the NPN. Introduced in 1948 by Shockley, BJT is an electronic component mainly used for switching and amplification purpose. A bipolar junction transistor or BJT is a three terminal electronic device that amplifies the flow of current. TRANSISTORBackground and Introduction A semiconductor device that Amplifies, Oscillates, or Switches the flow of current between two terminals Invention of the Transistor American physicists John Bardeen, Walter H. We'll turn our focus even sharper by limiting our early discussion to the NPN. Digging even deeper into transistor types, there are actually two versions of the BJT: NPN and PNP. The BJT is a three terminal device and it comes in two different types. In this tutorial we'll focus on the BJT, because it's slightly easier to understand. There are two types of basic transistor out there: bi-polar junction (BJT) and metal-oxide field-effect (MOSFET). Applications II: Amplifiers - More application circuits, this time showing how transistors are used to amplify voltage or current. A bipolar junction transistor or BJT is a current controlled device that consists of two PN junction for its function.Applications I: Switches - Application circuits showing how transistors are used as electronically controlled switches.Operation Modes - An overview of the four possible operating modes of a transistor.Extending the Water Analogy - Going back to the water analogy to explain how a transistor acts like a valve.Symbols, Pins, and Construction - Explaining the differences between the transistor's three pins.This tutorial is split into a series of sections, covering: We won't dig too deeply into semiconductor physics or equivalent models, but we'll get deep enough into the subject that you'll understand how a transistor can be used as either a switch or amplifier. Introduction to BJT Introduced in 1948 by Shockley, BJT is an electronic component mainly used for switching and amplification purpose. electrons and holes while unipolar transistor like FETs (Field Effect Transistors) uses only one charge carrier. Covered In This TutorialĪfter reading through this tutorial, we want you to have a broad understanding of how transistors work. Bipolar junction transistor uses two charge carries i. In quantities of thousands, millions, and even billions, transistors are interconnected and embedded into tiny chips to create computer memories, microprocessors, and other complex ICs. In small, discrete quantities, transistors can be used to create simple electronic switches, digital logic, and signal amplifying circuits.
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Their winged design is not for everyone and, yet, its looks seem to get everyone’s attention.īut like everything else that doesn’t follow standards, the Thunderbird basses are both superb and unpopular. Part of the reason is how these bases are eccentric. THose places mostly belong to Fender and Squier. Interestingly, though, you don’t see many Gibson or Epiphone Thunderbird basses flying around rock stages, performing at music videos, or sitting quietly at home studios. However, you have probably never played one. I bet everyone who reads this has seen or heard about the Thunderbird bass. This baby is made for rock like no other. This is where the humbucker-fueled Thunderbird comes into play. Sometimes, though, you need a noiseless, powerful, punchy, and crunchy bass guitar with a body big enough to scare your audience. They are more than enough for most situations, which is why they are somehow silencing the Epiphone Thunderbird Reverse IV bass. If you’re lucky enough to own Fender or Squier basses, you’ll know how those are smooth, pristine, and timeless. It takes the best features of the original Gibson bass and translates it into an affordable instrument. The Epiphone Thunderbird Reverse IV Bass is amazing. Epiphone Thunderbird Reverse IV Electric Bass Guitar In-depth Review (4 and 5 strings) There’s something that has consistently improved over time, though: the pickups, the electronics, and the price. Vintage and modern Thunderbird basses have remained the same over the years: winged body, dual-coil humbucker pickups, and the Thunderbird insignia on the pickguard. You can only understand that once you try it, and that’s what musicians love (and dislike) so much about this bass. No other bass looks like it, and because of its body shape, no other bass feels like it. Its design hasn’t changed in a bit, and it still looks as unique and different as it did once before. Over 60 years later, it has stood the test of time. Gibson debuted the Thunderbird in the early ‘60s, and it looked like the bass of the future. The Epiphone Thunderbird is built to the highest Gibson standards. We’re reviewing the Reverse version because it’s the most available of the series, although there are more alternatives like the Pro version.Ĭan you already see how this is such a special bass? That brings us to the Epiphone Thunderbird Reverse bass, an affordable version of the Gibson Thunderbird built to the same specs, standards, electronics, and even pickups. The rest of the guitar’s features (like tonewoods, body shape, colors, finish, etc), are not going to affect the sound as much as the pickups itself. Their best models are mostly using Gibson pickups, hardware, and electronics. That means a budget Epiphone instrument can be just as good as a Gibson instrument. That’s something I already discussed in my Squier Classic Vibe series review. More so, the quality gap between budget and high-end instruments is getting thinner by the moment. And because I said that, I can now name the two Gibson series that are so special they practically don’t need to sell anything else: the Gibson Les Paul electric guitar and the Gibson Thunderbird bass guitars.Įpiphone can be just as good as their parent company…I mean, if Gibson were to sell instruments for honest prices, Epiphone is what you would get. In fact, Gibson doesn’t build much variety in terms of musical gear…what they do build, they do it perfectly. Read more: How to Remove Bathroom Mould What different types of bathroom fans are there? Installing a suitable form of ventilation ensures you can enjoy your bathroom at its best for as long as possible. This is because water and steam can more easily disperse around the room and wreak their havoc! If you have a wet room, you will find a bathroom fan especially useful. A fan helps keep your air nice and fresh! Finally, all that damp, stale air can lead to unpleasant smells in your bathroom. An extractor fan is a great line of defence against this. They can damage your bathroom fittings such as shower screens and curtains, mirrors, vanity units, and tiles. Condensation and mould are both destructive forces in your bathroom. Proper ventilation can help stop it from forming. The condensation your shower creates can lead to a worse problem: mould. Everyone can attest to the amount of steam a shower produces. The main benefits of installing an extractor fan are: However, they also have benefits beyond your legal regulations. What are the benefits of a bathroom extractor fan?Ī bathroom extractor fan is the easiest way to ensure that your bathroom meets air ventilation requirements. If, for example, mould or dampness are persisting issues, a fan can help reduce their effects. If you have an old bathroom with only a window as a source of ventilation, it might still be a good idea to provide extra ventilation. It is pretty much standard for bathroom exhaust fans to meet these requirements, though it should be stated in the product description of your fan check before you choose it. Basically, the 15l/s, or 54m3/hr, refers to the measurement of how much old air is replaced by new air. You might be wondering what the last point means. The ventilation requirements for a bathroom are 15 litres per second/ 54m3 per hour.This is because new-builds are built to be more airtight, so natural ventilation is much lower In new-build bathrooms with a bath and shower, mechanical ventilation is required in the form of an extractor fan.If your bathroom has a toilet only, you are fine to use a window alone as your source of ventilation.A UK bathroom must be ventilated by either a window or an extractor fan.So, to save you the headache of sifting through the official document, here are the essential requirements you need to know… However, this is a lengthy and in-depth document that is a pretty heavy read for the average homeowner! The UK regulations regarding just how much ventilation your bathroom needs are outlined in The Building Regulations Document F. All bathrooms require some source of ventilation, whether this is in the form of a bathroom extractor fan or an openable window. Additional messaging will also be included in your shopping cart to specify which items are oversized. To see if an item is oversized, click on the Shipping & Returns tab on all product detail pages to view if that item is flagged as an oversized item and requires the additional charge. Not all items are eligible for Express Plus delivery.Įxpress and Express Plus shipping is not available for PO Boxes.Īn additional fee of $10 will be applied for items that are oversized. Orders placed after 11:00am ET will be processed on the following business day and should arrive in 3 business days. Express Plus delivery orders will be processed on the same day if they are placed by 11:00am ET on a business day, and should arrive in 2 business days. Not all items are eligible for Express delivery.Įxpress Plus delivery is only available to our customers who ship orders in the 48 contiguous United States. Orders placed after 11:00am ET will be processed on the following business day, and should arrive in 4 business days. Express delivery orders will be processed on the same day if they are placed by 11:00am ET on a business day, and should arrive in 3 business days. Orders shipping direct from the supplier may take an additional 1-3 days for delivery.Įxpress delivery is only available to our customers who ship orders in the 48 contiguous United States. These delivery estimates include order processing time. Orders delivered to Alaska or Hawaii should arrive in 14 – 21 business days. Sales tax may be assessed on the shipping charge in certain states, where applicable.Įnjoy free shipping on orders of $75 or more when you select standard shipping in checkout. Orders delivered within the 48 contiguous United States should arrive in 6 – 10 business days depending on delivery location. The shipping charge includes labor and material costs, packaging and processing fees, and it may exceed the actual cost paid by JOANN to its carrier to send the item(s) to you. Some items sent directly from our suppliers may take longer, and will ship separate from the remainder of your order. Please allow up to 5 business days to receive your tracking information. You’ll receive an email with tracking information when your order is shipped. Learn more about Curbside & In-Store Pick-Up.įor standard delivery, you can usually expect delivery within 6-10 business days from your order date (business days are Monday-Friday, excluding Holidays).
Some reactors are being shut down before their operating licenses expire because of a combination of safety concerns and economic competition.Īt the same time, however, some nuclear power plants are being allowed to remain operating longer than ever intended. (Most plants have more than one reactor.) Over the next few years, a few reactors are scheduled to be shut down, including California’s last nuclear reactor in 2025. In the United States, as of January 1, 2022, there are 55 commercially operating nuclear power plants running 93 nuclear reactors in 28 states. Nuclear Power Plants in the United States While the energy produced in a nuclear reactor could also be used in other industrial and chemical processes, these other uses have not been adopted (except in some isolated cases), due to concerns over safety, security, and cost. One-fifth of the country’s electricity comes from nuclear power. The United States is the world’s largest producer of nuclear energy, accounting for more than 30 percent of global nuclear electricity generation. We use nuclear power mainly for electricity generation. It’s the same basic principle used in coal or gas plants. The steam goes on to spin turbines, which then drive generators. The energy released from the fission of uranium atoms heats water, which produces steam. That’s why power plants use “control rods” that absorb some of the released neutrons, preventing them from causing further fissions. If uncontrolled, that chain reaction could produce so much heat that the nuclear reactor core itself could actually melt and release dangerous radiation. The neutrons that are released by one atomic fission go on to fission other nuclei, triggering a chain reaction that produces heat, radiation, and radioactive waste products. In fission, the nuclear fuel is placed in a nuclear reactor core and the atoms making up the fuel are broken into pieces, releasing energy. Its atoms are more easily split apart in nuclear reactors. This fuel contains greater amounts of a certain kind (or isotope) of uranium known as U-235. Most nuclear power plants use enriched uranium as their fuel to produce electricity. Nuclear power comes from the energy that is released in the process of nuclear fission. But when a neutron strikes the nucleus of certain atoms-uranium, for example-this atomic center can break into pieces in a process called nuclear fission, releasing enormous energy in the form of heat and radiation. And within each atom is a nucleus, a tightly packed core that holds protons and neutrons bound together by what’s known as the strong nuclear force. Atoms make up all matter: the device you’re reading this on, the surface it’s resting on, and the air you’re breathing. Nuclear energy comes from the core of an atom. Nuclear Power Plants in the United States. In their new study, Lundström and his colleagues sewed absorbent nursing pads into the armpits of T-shirts and asked volunteers of different ages to sleep in the shirts for five consecutive nights. Knowing about earlier research on animal body odors and age, Lundström decided to test whether smell also informs how people evaluate age. Perhaps the smell really did emanate from the residents. Every now and then, he gives scientific talks at an elderly care center in the greater Philadelphia area that-he realized one day-smells almost exactly like the nursing home his mother managed in Sweden when he was young. Johan Lundström of the Monell Chemical Senses Center studies human and animal body odors and how the brain responds to smells. The more sweat on the skin, the more chemicals for the bacteria to break down, and the stronger the body odor. All these fluids begin to stink when bacteria break down the various chemicals they contain-especially steroids and lipids-into smaller, odorous molecules that easily waft into the air. Eccrine sweat glands, found all over the human body, exude a clear, odorless, salty liquid throughout life. Likewise, apocrine sweat glands-which are only located in a few places, such as the armpits and genital region-rev up during puberty. The sebaceous glands, which secrete a waxy substance called sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin, are particularly active during puberty and throughout most of adulthood. Human body odor also changes with age, depending largely on the activity of various skin glands and how the substances they release interact with bacteria. In other studies, investigators discovered that people, too, can tell the difference between old and young otters and rabbits by using scent cues. Researchers have shown that the body odors of some animals-including mice, black-tailed deer, otters, owls and rabbits- change with age and that animals can distinguish their young and old peers by smell. Combined with earlier research, the new findings suggest that people retain a latent ability to gauge someone's age based on their odor, a talent inherited from evolutionary ancestors that might be linked to the ways animals recognize the sick and dying. Contrary to the popular notion that old person smell is disagreeable, volunteers in the new study rated the odors of the elderly as much less unpleasant and intense than those of the middle-aged and young. In a new study, blindfolded volunteers reliably recognized the aroma of the elderly by sniffing sweat-soaked armpit pads, although they had a much harder time correctly matching pads to the young and middle-aged, and they were not able to make fine distinctions about age based on scent alone. Many different cultures have recognized the phenomenon-the Japanese even have a word for it, kareishuu-but the biological truth of old person smell remains uncertain. You know this aroma: it's "old person smell."Īnecdotally, the unique scent of the elderly lingers wherever they live and in any confined spaces they have recently occupied, such as taxis and elevators. It's awfully warm, and a peculiar odor seems to hover in the air nearby-a stale, musty odor tinged with something as acrid as mothballs. There's something unusual about the subway seat you just claimed. Musicians, Teachers and Local Organizations can post your ownĮntertainment. Oceanica 824- 2 Bedroom Ocean - 178 avg/night - Playa Flamingo - Amenities include: Swimming pool, Internet, Air conditioning, TV, Satellite or cable, Washer & dryer, Parking, No smoking, Accessible Bedrooms: 2 Sleeps: 4 Minimum stay from 2 night(s) Bookable directly online - Book vacation rental 430036 with Vrbo. Oysters, tuna, snapper, snapper fillet, mahi mahi, jumboĬatalinas-Surfside-Flamingo-Brasilito-MarĬartago del Ministerio de Cultura y JuventudĮvents, Music, Dining and Drink Specials, Classes, Markets, etc. Offering only the size and species allowed for your When I started this business I did it out of the need toįind quality fish products, without additives and aboveĪll fresh for my family's diet.All the fishing comesįrom artisanal fishing and awareness is raised by You like fresh fish or seafoods?I have THE BEST. With credit card, so we all cam have fresh fish without getting out. "Alonso owns the fish store in penca, he put his prices down soĮveryone can have fish, he will deliver free and has the pos to pay Costa Rica Beachfront Villa - 583 avg/night - Playa Flamingo - Amenities include: Swimming pool, Internet, Air conditioning, TV, Satellite or cable, Washer & dryer, Parking, No smoking Bedrooms: 2 Sleeps: 6 Minimum stay from 4 night(s) Bookable directly online - Book vacation rental 188603 with Vrbo. Please click on "Maps" from menu for restaurant locations. Questions regarding the coronavirus pandemic) In Costa Rica, if you have symptoms, call. Live Music Events in Surfside, Flamingo, Brasilito, Potrero Little tricky, you have to right click on the page and click toĪnd you have to wait a few seconds and somtimes repeat a few times. New Message Board - Work Wanted or OfferedĬlick here is you want to post if you are looking for If you find this useful, please consider donating to Barbara's * You will need to give the PO Box owner's name, owner's cedula, when your transfer is completed, fill out the form on that same Our branch in Villarreal is "Sucursal Villareal Tamarindo" or Page and put in the details, your PO Box number and the branch. put in the SINPE Movil phone number and amount that they give you click "SINPE MOVIL", then "SINPE Movil transfer" Phone number and account you want the transfers to come from. If you like a house for sale and you want to speak with a professional, simply contact the listing agent right from page of listing details. (click on "SINPE Movil", click "Subscription", put in your cell Get instant access to loads of relevant information about Playa Flamingo, Guanacaste, Costa Rica real estate, including property descriptions, virtual tours, maps and photos. Subscribe to SINPE MOVIL, if you have not already. You can also purchase a Wi-Fi hotspot to access affordable, high-speed data across multiple devices during your trip.For information, website has created a new FB community page with a new Many hotels and restaurants offer free Wi-Fi, which will allow you to use apps like WhatsApp, Facebook, Facetime, or Skype to stay in touch with family and friends at home for free. If you purchase an international plan, you’ll be able to avoid the hassle of getting a SIM card when you arrive for a stress-free vacation. Other wireless carrier companies offer similar plans. For example, Verizon Wireless charges $70 monthly for 100 minutes of talk, 100 sent texts, and 0.5 GB of data, and increases to 250 minutes of talk, 1,000 sent texts, and two GB of data for $130 per month. If you’d like to avoid the hassle of buying a SIM card, it may be worthwhile to invest in an international plan. These cards usually cost less than a dollar, and they offer tons of pre-paid plans depending on your unique needs. You can purchase SIM cards from KOLBI and can find them at both of Costa Rica’s major airports. Before leaving for Costa Rica, you can unlock your phone and buy a local SIM card. Are you using genuine HP Ink cartridges?.Was there any update done on the printer recently?.Not to worry I will help you to get a resolution to resolve the issue. I understand you are getting an error message Ink System Failure on your HP Photosmart 7525 E-All-In-One Printer. Business PCs, Workstations and Point of Sale Systems.Printer Wireless, Networking & Internet.DesignJet, Large Format Printers & Digital Press.Printing Errors or Lights & Stuck Print Jobs.Notebook Hardware and Upgrade Questions.So, do I need a new printhead? A new printer?Īfter nearly 3 weeks of on & off struggle with this, any assistance you can offer will be greatly appreciated. That would make me think that the printhead is not a complete loss.ĭuring some attempts to clear the message and make printer work, I have been getting some random error messages asking to clear a paper jam or missing/undetected printhead, but those quickly go away on their own. I was able to get a report with all the color blocks, except for the black one. I have been able to print a Quality Report by commanding the printer from HP Print Utility on my PC. Unless I interrupt it (by pressing Cancel button), it takes me to the same error message. If I remove a cartridge, or even all cartridges + printhead, it invariably goes through "preparation process" which includes alignment. If problem persists, contact HP." After this power cycle, it gets me to the home screen, but if I try to print a Quality Report, or make a copy, all I get is the same error message again. I now continue getting the same message "There is a problem with the printer or ink system. That shouldn't have been the root cause anyway because the previous black cartridge printed well for a few months before it suddenly stopped. None of the vents on any of the cartridges are clogged. When it suddenly stopped printing in black ink, and I got first couple Quality reports with blank black color block (that block would come out as an absolutely empty rectangle), I got a new black cartridge. I am familiar with this procedure and have been following it when installing (and re-installing) cartridges. If this helps, please mark the public post as an accepted solution so that it benefits several others. Refer to this HP document for further assistance:- Click here Run your finger along the top of the cartridges to feel for any that are protruding, and if any are, press down firmly until each ink cartridge snaps into place. Make sure each ink cartridge is firmly in place in its slot.Repeat these steps to inspect the vents on each ink cartridge.Make sure the color icon on the ink cartridge label matches the color icon on the slot. Press down on the ink cartridge until it snaps into place. With the nozzle and the contacts facing down, slide the ink cartridge into its slot.With a straight pin, gently remove excess adhesive from the vent.If the vent is clogged, use a straight pin to gently remove excess adhesive from the vent.If the ink cartridge still has the pull tab attached, pull to remove it.Examine the vent area on each ink cartridge, above the HP logo on the top of the ink cartridge. Press the tab on the front of the ink cartridge inward to release it, and then pull up on the ink cartridge to remove it from the slot.Wait until the carriage stops moving before you continue.Turn on the printer, if it is not already on.Follow these steps to make sure the ink cartridges are properly vented and seated correctly. If the vent on the top of the ink cartridge is clogged or obstructed, the ink cartridge might not work properly. Make sure the ink cartridges are properly vented and seated correctly I understand that you are unable to print in black, I am glad to assist you. Volumetric measures have the same issues. For example, cooked rice may be heavier or lighter depending on if I put in too much water, steamed it longer, etc. I would estimate on a daily basis I'm probably off by at least 100 calories +/. I say this for myself and I track everything to the gram using a scale (or by the label on the box if I'm eating the whole item). I personally think people are far worse at tracking their intake than the watch is at tracking expenditure. If I increase my intake by ~500cal my weight gain is where I would expect it to be, and if I reduce by a value my weight loss is where I would expect as well. If I follow the numbers Garmin puts out and match that in Myfitnesspal with intake, my weight will remain stable. I don't trust a single activity's caloric data too much, but over months of taking data, doing variance analysis and performing review, I am confident in the numbers it puts out. I also track all my intake in Myfitnesspal. For those two activities I use a Polar armband on the tricep that ANT+ connects to my watch. The only activities that pose issues are weight lifting, because the watch on the wrist can't handle strong muscular contractions without messing up the heart rate, and BJJ, for that reason and because the wrist is a bad place for a tracker during the activity. The activities I perform are: walk, run, bike, jiu jitsu, weight lifting, and yoga. I've been tracking my caloric expenditure and matching that to food tracking using my Vivoactive3 for about 8 months. So it's not a matter of undertracking consumption. But the internet tells me constantly that I can't trust those trackers / they over-estimate calorie burn / I shouldn't eat cals back.Īny advice on how to both improve my training AND cut weight would be so much appreciated, as well as how those of you who do significant calorie-burning each day approach your calorie trackers / nutrition.Įdited to add: I weigh everything on a food scale, monitor portions meticulously, and eat very little packaged food. If my trackers are right, I'm eating too little. I get about 130g of protein a day and I eat pretty clean. Supposedly, my TDEE is somewhere around 2,100 so I'm about at a normal deficit. I count my calories religiously: 1,560 a day. Since upping my weight training about a month ago, my weight loss has totally stalled. And Between January and, eh, about mid-may, I lost about 20 lbs. I really got into my workout routine (including a return to running which I hadn't done in a few years and starting strength training which is new for me) in January, adding the strength training in Feb. According to my Fenix 6 Pro Solar and my Polar HR monitor, I burn about 900 active calories a day during the week. "Can you trust your calorie tracker or not?"įor context: I'm 5'3, 167 lbs, I run 5ish days a week (about 3.5 miles) and weight train 5 days as well, with some active recovery on weekends. Wondering what you all think on the constant internet debate: If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue. If you do not understand what is causing this behavior, please contact us here. If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior. Overusing our search engine with a very large number of searches in a very short amount of time.Using a badly configured (or badly written) browser add-on for blocking content.Running a "scraper" or "downloader" program that either does not identify itself or uses fake headers to elude detection.Using a script or add-on that scans GameFAQs for box and screen images (such as an emulator front-end), while overloading our search engine.There is no official GameFAQs app, and we do not support nor have any contact with the makers of these unofficial apps. Continued use of these apps may cause your IP to be blocked indefinitely. This triggers our anti-spambot measures, which are designed to stop automated systems from flooding the site with traffic. Some unofficial phone apps appear to be using GameFAQs as a back-end, but they do not behave like a real web browser does.Using GameFAQs regularly with these browsers can cause temporary and even permanent IP blocks due to these additional requests. If you are using the Brave browser, or have installed the Ghostery add-on, these programs send extra traffic to our servers for every page on the site that you browse, then send that data back to a third party, essentially spying on your browsing habits.We strongly recommend you stop using this browser until this problem is corrected. The latest version of the Opera browser sends multiple invalid requests to our servers for every page you visit. The most common causes of this issue are: Your doctor can help you find the delivery method that offers the most benefits and convenience with the least risks and cost.Your IP address has been temporarily blocked due to a large number of HTTP requests. If you haven't had a hysterectomy and are using systemic estrogen therapy, you'll also need progestin. Include physical activity and exercise in your daily routine, eat a healthy diet, maintain a healthy weight, don't smoke, limit alcohol, manage stress, and manage chronic health conditions, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure. See your doctor regularly to ensure that the benefits of hormone therapy continue to outweigh the risks, and for screenings such as mammograms and pelvic exams. If you have lasting menopausal symptoms that significantly impair your quality of life, your doctor may recommend longer term treatment. If you're younger than age 45, you need enough estrogen to provide protection against the long-term health effects of estrogen deficiency. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest amount of time needed to treat your symptoms. Minimize the amount of medication you take.If you experience only vaginal symptoms related to menopause, estrogen in a low-dose vaginal cream, tablet or ring is usually a better choice than an oral pill or a skin patch. You can take estrogen in the form of a pill, patch, gel, vaginal cream, or slow-releasing suppository or ring that you place in your vagina. Find the best product and delivery method for you.Talk to your doctor about these strategies: If you take hormone therapy, how can you reduce risk? Estrogen therapy can help decrease your risk of certain health conditions, including osteoporosis, heart disease, stroke, dementia and mood changes. If you had your ovaries surgically removed before age 45, stopped having periods before age 45 (premature or early menopause) or lost normal function of your ovaries before age 40 (primary ovarian insufficiency), your body has been exposed to less estrogen than the bodies of women who experience typical menopause. Experience early menopause or have estrogen deficiency.But estrogen therapy may help if you either can't tolerate or aren't benefiting from other treatments. However, doctors usually recommend medications called bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis. Systemic estrogen helps protect against the bone-thinning disease called osteoporosis. Need to prevent bone loss or fractures.Estrogen can ease vaginal symptoms of menopause, such as dryness, itching, burning and discomfort with intercourse. Systemic estrogen therapy remains the most effective treatment for the relief of troublesome menopausal hot flashes and night sweats. The benefits of hormone therapy may outweigh the risks if you're healthy and you: |
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